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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | koʃtem | om koʃto |
| 2SG: | koʃtet | ot koʃto |
| 3SG: | koʃta | ok/ogeʃ koʃto |
| 1PL: | koʃtena | ona/ogəna koʃto |
| 2PL: | koʃteda | oda/ogəda koʃto |
| 3PL: | koʃtat | ogət koʃto |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | koʃtəʃəm | ʃəm koʃto |
| 2SG: | koʃtəʃət͡ɕ | ʃət͡ɕ koʃto |
| 3SG: | koʃtəʃ | əʃ koʃto |
| 1PL: | koʃtəʃna | əʃna koʃto |
| 2PL: | koʃtəʃda | əʃda koʃto |
| 3PL: | koʃtəʃt | əʃt koʃto |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | koʃtenam | koʃten oməl |
| 2SG: | koʃtenat | koʃten otəl |
| 3SG: | koʃten | koʃten ogəl |
| 1PL: | koʃtenːa | koʃten onal/ogənal |
| 2PL: | koʃtenda | koʃten odal/ogədal |
| 3PL: | koʃtenət | koʃten ogətəl |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | koʃtem əʎe | om koʃto əʎe |
| 2SG: | koʃtet əʎe | ot koʃto əʎe |
| 3SG: | koʃta əʎe | ok/ogeʃ koʃto əʎe |
| 1PL: | koʃtena əʎe | ona/ogəna koʃto əʎe |
| 2PL: | koʃteda əʎe | oda/ogəda koʃto əʎe |
| 3PL: | koʃtat əʎe | ogət koʃto əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | koʃtem ulmaʃ | om koʃto ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | koʃtet ulmaʃ | ot koʃto ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | koʃta ulmaʃ | ok/ogeʃ koʃto ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | koʃtena ulmaʃ | ona/ogəna koʃto ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | koʃteda ulmaʃ | oda/ogəda koʃto ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | koʃtat ulmaʃ | ogət koʃto ulmaʃ |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | koʃtenam əʎe | koʃten oməl əʎe |
| 2SG: | koʃtenat əʎe | koʃten otəl əʎe |
| 3SG: | koʃten əʎe | koʃten ogəl əʎe |
| 1PL: | koʃtenːa əʎe | koʃten onal/ogənal əʎe |
| 2PL: | koʃtenda əʎe | koʃten odal/ogədal əʎe |
| 3PL: | koʃten əʎe | koʃten ogətəl əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | koʃtenam ulmaʃ | koʃten oməl ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | koʃtenat ulmaʃ | koʃten otəl ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | koʃten ulmaʃ | koʃten ogəl ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | koʃtenːa ulmaʃ | koʃten onal/ogənal ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | koʃtenda ulmaʃ | koʃten odal/ogədal ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | koʃten ulmaʃ | koʃten ogətəl ulmaʃ |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | koʃto | it koʃto |
| 3SG: | koʃtəʒo | ənʒe koʃto |
| 1PL: | (koʃtena) | (ona/ogəna koʃto) |
| 2PL: | koʃtəza | ida koʃto |
| 3PL: | koʃtəʃt | ənəʃt koʃto |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | koʃtənem | ənem koʃto |
| 2SG: | koʃtənet | ənet koʃto |
| 3SG: | koʃtəneʒe | əneʒ koʃto |
| 1PL: | koʃtənena | ənena koʃto |
| 2PL: | koʃtəneda | əneda koʃto |
| 3PL: | koʃtəneʃt | əneʃt koʃto |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | koʃtənem əʎe | ənem koʃto əʎe |
| 2SG: | koʃtənena əʎe | ənet koʃto əʎe |
| 3SG: | koʃtəneʒe əʎe | əneʒ koʃto əʎe |
| 1PL: | koʃtənena əʎe | ənena koʃto əʎe |
| 2PL: | koʃtəneda əʎe | əneda koʃto əʎe |
| 3PL: | koʃtəneʃt əʎe | əneʃt koʃto əʎe |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | koʃtənet ulmaʃ | ənet koʃto ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | koʃtəneʒe ulmaʃ | əneʒ koʃto ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | koʃtəneda ulmaʃ | əneda koʃto ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | koʃtəneʃt ulmaʃ | əneʃt koʃto ulmaʃ |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | koʃtaʃ |
| Necessitive infinitive: | koʃtəman |
| Active participle: | koʃtəʃo |
| Passive participle: | koʃtəmo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | koʃtəʃaʃ |
| Negative participle: | koʃtədəmo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | koʃten |
| Negative gerund: | koʃtəde |
| Gerund of prior action: | koʃtəmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | koʃtəmeʃ(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | koʃtəʃəla |
| Nominalization: | koʃtəmaʃ |
| Negative nominalization: | koʃtədəmaʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||